{"id":1395,"date":"2020-05-12T18:13:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T18:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/?p=1395"},"modified":"2024-10-13T16:11:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T16:11:16","slug":"riset-keterbukaan-kontrak-untuk-pengelolaan-air-bersih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/2020\/05\/12\/riset-keterbukaan-kontrak-untuk-pengelolaan-air-bersih\/","title":{"rendered":"Research on Open Contracting for Clean Water Management"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"The land, water and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the State and used for the greatest prosperity of the people.\" \u2013 Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fulfillment of water as mandated in the 1945 Constitution is still one of the problems faced by the government today. Until now, the coverage of clean water services in Indonesia is only around 71 percent. The government itself is targeting the entire population to be served by clean water by 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to being faced with the problem of low service coverage, the government is also still facing the problem of low capacity of implementation both in terms of funding and institutions. Of the 391 Indonesian drinking water companies (Regional Drinking Water Companies) only 57% are considered healthy, the rest are sick due to debt. Lack of good governance causes this condition to occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Bantul Regency, for example, based on several studies, the quality of groundwater in Bantul has decreased so that clean water consumption must switch to a piped system. The Bantul Regional Government's clean water coverage until 2019 has only reached 91% of the total population of 995,264 people. The coverage consists of 22% or 223,734 people managed by PDAM and the rest managed by PAMSIMAS and the community (dug wells, etc.). Another problem, in Bantul Regency there are still many complaints (water connections are often cut off) from customers related to the provision of clean water managed by the Bantul Regency Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water Conditions in Bantul Regency<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bantul Regency is one of the regencies\/cities in Yogyakarta Province. It has an area of \u200b\u200b506.85 km2 with a population of 995,265. Bantul administration consists of 17 sub-districts, 75 villages and 933 hamlets. Because most of the area has rural characteristics, most people in Bantul still rely on the fulfillment of clean water through non-pipe systems, namely through a simple water treatment installation system (SIPAS), wells\/boreholes, rainwater storage (Rainwater Capture) and springs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 (six) large rivers flow through Bantul Regency. This regency is bordered by the Progo River in the west and the Opak River in the east. These two rivers are the estuaries of all rivers that flow into Bantul and finally into the sea (Indonesian Ocean). There are three river basins (DAS), namely the Progo DAS, the Opak DAS and the Oya DAS. The Oya DAS has one Sub-DAS, namely the Oya Sub-DAS. The Opak DAS has 12 Sub-DAS. The total DAS in Bantul Regency covers an area of \u200b\u200b45,387 Ha. The rivers flow throughout the year, although for small rivers in the dry season the water discharge is relatively low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In general, the water quality in Bantul has decreased. A high percentage of groundwater in Bantul contains microbes and quite high levels of minerals such as iron (FE), manganese (Mn), and chloride (Cl). Several areas in Bantul such as Srandakan, Bantul, Sewon, Pandak, and Sanden contain these minerals. Bantul water also has a high e-coli content. This bacteria is caused by household waste that seeps into the ground. Note that Bantul is located in the downstream area of \u200b\u200ball the rivers that flow there. The middle catchment area is the densely populated city of Yogyakarta. However, with such conditions, some residents have turned to deep wells, the costs of which are very high. Therefore, reliable water utilities are urgently needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Based on these issues, IDEA together with CRPG conducted research on clean water governance in Bantul Regency, especially related to the transparency of clean water management contracts by PDAM Bantul. This research supported by Hivos will focus on at least several aspects such as Business and Investment Planning, Procurement, and Transparency of Procurement and Contract Documents.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In its implementation, the research that took place in 2019 involved several parties related to clean water management in Bantul Regency. These parties include PDAM, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), the Economic Administration Division of the Regional Secretariat, the Public Works, Housing and Settlement Areas Agency (PUPKP), Community-Based Drinking Water and Sanitation Provision (Pamsimas), and the Partnership Committee (Pakem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Activities and Methodology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are several activities that are also part of the open contracting research methodology in the water sector. These activities include Focus Group Discussion, indept reporting, document access and documentation. All of these activities are carried out randomly to adjust to the needs and developments in the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the quite difficult processes in this research was when accessing procurement and contract documents. IDEA, which acted to access the documents, experienced difficulties because the procurement and contract documents at PDAM Bantul Regency were closed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Initially, IDEA conducted a search through the PDAM Bantul website, but the data and information available on the site were only general information that was not related to procurement and contract documents. Likewise, when choosing to access the document directly to the Director of PDAM Bantul on Wednesday, July 9, 2019, IDEA did not receive a response to the request. In fact, openness of information is important to be opened, especially to residents, so that clean water management can be directly monitored by residents as service users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to document tracing and access, IDEA also conducted FGDs to obtain information and verification from policy makers related to clean water management in Bantul district. Right on Wednesday (04\/09\/2019) IDEA together with CRPG held an FGD on Information Transparency related to Procurement and Performance of the Water Sector in Bantul District. In this FGD, IDEA invited several parties such as Bappeda, PDAM, PUPKP Service and Water Vendors in Bantul district as well as Wahana Lingkungan Hidup and DPD Perpamsi DIY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The FGD was conducted to identify several aspects related to the openness of clean water management contracts in Bantul Regency. The identification includes potential or existing water governance problems due to procurement and contract arrangements, water sector segments where Open Contracting is most feasible, related stakeholders, their interest in open contracts and the capacity of implementers, the stages required to apply the principles of open contracts and identification of challenges and obstacles in the implementation of open contracts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

After conducting a series of research processes, IDEA obtained several important findings related to Business and Investment Planning, Procurement, and Transparency of Procurement and Contract Documents in water management in Bantul district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • First, related to\u00a0Business and Investment Planning, IDEA\u00a0<\/strong>found several findings, such as the lack of public involvement in Bantul in the clean water management planning process including the preparation of business and investment plans, the lack of publication of RISPAM planning documents, business plans, annual plans, and general procurement plans, the desire of customers to be involved in the preparation of business plans, then concerns from PDAM Bantul if the business plan document is published and efforts from PDAM to prepare a business plan for the next 5 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Second, related to the\u00a0Proses\u00a0<\/strong>Procurement Process<\/strong>, IDEA\u00a0<\/strong>found that the Procurement managed by PDAM, the value of which is below 150 million and is carried out by direct appointment, then the procurement of infrastructure in large quantities is carried out by the PUPKP Service with an auction through LPSE, the results of which are then donated to PDAM. Another finding is that the procurement mechanism at PDAM uses a Director's Decree which is the same as all Perpamsi members.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Third, regarding\u00a0Transparency of Procurement and Contract Documents<\/strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>there are several important findings that IDEA has managed to obtain. These findings include the still closed access for the public to access procurement documents in PDAM, contract documents are still opened on a limited basis to certain parties, then the information that may be uploaded to the website is only in the form of auction announcements, and there are still concerns from PDAM to open procurement documents to the public.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Based on the findings above, IDEA then provided several recommendations to PDAM to improve transparent clean water management. These inputs include asking PDAM to involve the public in making business and investment plans, then recommending that planning documents such as business plans, annual plans, procurement plans, and contract documents be published via the PDAM website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    IDEA also recommends that PDAMs prepare internal Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to improve service performance. Some of these SOPs include SOPs on Procurement that contain transparency and public participation in the entire procurement chain from business plans and investments to contract implementation, then SOPs on public services that contain minimum service standards, compensation and transparency of performance data, and SOPs or guidelines for publishing public data and information managed by PDAM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Contributor: Ahmad Hedar | Isnawati<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Editor: AH<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201cBumi , air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh Negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar besarnya kemakmuran rakyat.\u201d \u2013 Pasal 33 Ayat (3) UUD 1945 Pemenuhan air sebagaimana yang telah diamantkan dalam UUD 1945 masih menjadi salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pemerintah saat ini. Hingga saat ini, cakupan layanan air bersih di Indonesia baru sekitar 71 persen. Pemerintah sendiri menargetkan seluruh penduduk terlayani air bersih pada taun 2022. Selain dihadapkan dengan permasalahan rendahnya cakupan layanan, pemerintah juga masih menghadapi permasalahan rendahnya kapasitas penyelenggaraan baik dalam hal pendanaan maupun kelembagaan. Dari 391 perusahaan air minum Indonesia (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) hanya 57% yang dianggap sehat, sisanya sakit karena hutang. Kurangnya tata kelola yang baik menyebabkan kondisi tersebut terjadi. Di Kabupaten Bantul misalnya,  berdasarkan beberapa kajian, kualitas air tanah di Bantul menurun sehingga konsumsi air bersih harus beralih ke sistem perpipaan. Cakupan air bersih Pemda Bantul sampai tahun 2019 baru mencapai 91% dari total penduduk 995.264 jiwa. Cakupan tersebut terdiri dari 22% atau 223.734 jiwa dikelola oleh PDAM dan sisanya kelola oleh PAMSIMAS dan masyarakat (sumur gali dll). Persoalan lainnya, di Kabupaten Bantul masih banyak keluhan (sambungan air sering mati) pelanggan terkait dengan pemenuhan air bersih yang dikelola oleh Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Bantul. Kondisi Air Kabupaten Bantul Kabupaten Bantul adalah salah satu kabupaten \/ kota di Provinsi Yogyakarta. Ini memiliki luas 506,85 km2 dengan populasi 995.265. Administrasi Bantul terdiri dari 17 kecamatan, 75 desa dan 933 dusun. Karena sebagian besar wilayah tersebut memiliki karakteristik pedesaan, sebagian besar masyarakat di Bantul masih mengandalkan pemenuhan air bersih melalui sistem non-pipa, yaitu melalui sistem instalasi pengolahan air sederhana (SIPAS), sumur \/ lubang bor, penyimpanan air hujan (Penangkapan Air Hujan ) dan mata air. 6 (enam) sungai besar mengalir melalui Kabupaten Bantul. Kabupaten ini berbatasan dengan Sungai Progo di barat dan Sungai Opak di timur. Kedua sungai ini adalah muara dari semua sungai yang mengalir ke Bantul dan akhirnya ke laut (Samudera Indonesia \/ Samudera Indonesia). Ada tiga daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yaitu DAS Progo, DAS Opak dan DAS Oya. DAS Oya memiliki satu Sub DAS yaitu Sub-DAS Oya. DAS Opak memiliki 12 Sub-DAS. Keseluruhan DAS di Kabupaten Bantul menempati area seluas 45.387 Ha. Sungai-sungai mengalir sepanjang tahun, meskipun untuk sungai-sungai kecil di musim kemarau debit airnya relatif rendah. Secara umum kualitas air di Bantul mengalami penurunan. Persentase tinggi air tanah di Bantul mengandung mikroba dan tingkat mineral seperti besi (FE), mangan (Mn), dan klorida (Cl) yang cukup tinggi. Beberapa daerah di Bantul seperti Srandakan, Bantul, Sewon, Pandak, dan Sanden mengandung mineral ini. Air Bantul juga memiliki kandungan e-coli yang tinggi. Bakteri ini disebabkan oleh limbah rumah tangga yang meresap ke tanah. Perhatikan bahwa Bantul terletak di daerah hilir semua sungai yang mengalir di sana. Daerah aliran tengah adalah kota padat penduduk Yogyakarta. Namun, dengan kondisi seperti itu, sebagian penduduk beralih ke sumur-dalam, biayanya sangat tinggi. Oleh karena itu, utilitas air yang andal sangat dibutuhkan. Berangkat dari persoalan tersebut, IDEA bersama CRPG melakukan riset tata kelola air bersih di Kabupaten Bantul, khususnya terkait keterbukaan kontrak pengelolaan air bersih oleh PDAM Bantul. Riset yang didukung Hivos ini akan fokus setidaknya pada beberapa aspek seperti Perencanaan Bisnis dan Investasi, Pengadaan, serta Transparansi Dokumen-Dokumen Pengadaan dan Kontrak. Dalam pelaksanaanya, riset yang berlangsung pada tahun 2019 ini melibatkan beberapa pihak yang terkait dengan pengelolaan air bersih di Kabupaten Bantul. Pihak-pihak tersebut antara lain ialah PDAM, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda), Bidang Administrasi Perekonomian Sekretariat Daerah, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman (PUPKP), Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (Pamsimas), serta  Panitia Kemitraan (Pakem). Kegiatan dan Metodologi Riset Ada beberapa kegiatan yang sekaligus menjadi bagian dari metodologi riset open contracting sektor air ini. Kegiatan tersebut meliputi Focus Group Discussion, indept reporting, akses dokumen dan dokumentasi. Semua kegiatan ini dilakukan secara random menyesuaikan kebutuhan dan perkembangan lapangan. Salah satu proses yang cukup alot dalam riset ini ialah saat melakukan akses dokumen pengadaan dan kontrak. IDEA yang bertindak melakukan akses dokumen mengalami kesulitan karena tertutupnya dokumen-dokumen pengadaan dan kontrak di PDAM kabupaten Bantul. Awalnya IDEA melakukan penelusuran melalui situs website PDAM Bantul, namun data-data dan informasi yang tersedia di situs tersebut hanya informasi umum yang tidak berkaitan dengan dokumen pengadaan dan kontrak. Pun demikian saat memilih untuk mengakses dokumen tersebut langsung kepada Direktur PDAM Bantul pada Rabu, 9 Juli 2019, IDEA tak mendapat respon atas permohonan tersebut. Padahal keterbukaan informasi penting dibuka, khususnya kepada warga, agar pengelolaan air bersih dapat diawasi langsung oleh warga sebagai pengguna layanan. Selain penelusuran dan akses dokumen, IDEA juga melakukan FGD untuk memperoleh informasi dan verifikasi dari pemangku kebijakan terkait pengelolaan air bersih di kabupaten Bantul. Tepat pada Rabu (04\/09\/2019) ide bersama CRPG menyelenggarakan FGD Transparansi Informasi terkait Pengadaan dan Kinerja Sektor Air di Kabupaten Bantul. Dalam FGD ini IDEA mengundang beberapa pihak seperti Bappeda, PDAM, Dinas PUPKP dan Vendor air di kabupaten Bantul serta Wahana Lingkungan Hidup dan DPD Perpamsi DIY. Dilakukannya FGD tersebut antara lain untuk  mengindentifikasi beberapa aspek yang terkait dengan keterbukaan kontrak pengelolaan air bersih di Kabupaten Bantul. Identifikasi tersebut meliputi potensi atau masalah tata kelola air yang ada karena pengadaan dan pengaturan kontrak, segmen sektor air tempat Open Contrackting paling layak, pemangku kepentingan terkait, minat mereka terhadap kontrak terbuka dan kapasitas para pelaksana, tahapan yang diperlukan untuk menerapkan prinsip kontrak terbuka serta Identifikasi tantangan dan hambatan dalam implementasi kontrak terbuka. Temuan Riset Setelah melakukan serangkaian proses riset, IDEA mendapatkan beberapa temuan penting yang terkait dengan Perencanaan Bisnis dan Investasi, Pengadaan, serta Transparansi Dokumen-Dokumen Pengadaan dan Kontrak dalam pengelolaan air di kabupaten Bantul. Berdasarkan temuan-temuan di atas, IDEA lantas memberikan beberapa rekomendasi kepada PDAM untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan air bersih yang transparan. Masukan-masukan tersebut antara lain ialah meminta PDAM agar melibatkan publik dalam pembuatan rencana bisnis dan Investasi, kemudian merekomendasikan agar Dokumen perencanaan seperti busines plan, rencana tahunan, rencana pengadaan, dan dokumen kontrak dipublikasikan lewat website PDAM. IDEA juga merekomendasikan agar PDAM menyusun Standar Operasional Prosedur  (SOP) internal untuk meningkatkan kinerja layanan. Beberapa SOP tersebut antara lain seperti SOP tentang Pengadaan yang memuat transparansi dan partisipasi publik dalam seluruh<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[76,94,97,98],"class_list":["post-1395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-akuntabilitas","tag-antikorupsi","tag-keterbukaaan-informasi","tag-pelayanan-publik"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1395"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1398,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395\/revisions\/1398"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}