{"id":1435,"date":"2016-03-15T18:44:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T18:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/?p=1435"},"modified":"2024-10-13T16:17:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T16:17:46","slug":"membangun-umkm-tangguh-bencana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/2016\/03\/15\/membangun-umkm-tangguh-bencana\/","title":{"rendered":"Building Disaster Resilient MSMEs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indonesia is likened to a supermarket of disasters, because all types of disaster threats have the potential to occur in this country and most of its areas have the potential for disaster threats. Likewise, the Magelang Regency area, Central Java Province, is not free from various disaster threats with various levels of threat. The threat of the eruption of Mount Merapi which is then followed by a secondary threat in the form of cold lava floods or rain lava is one of the highest threats in the Magelang Regency area compared to other potential disaster threats. Every disaster event anywhere will have an impact on damage and losses according to the level of disaster threat and also the vulnerability and capacity of the community and government. Likewise, the existence of MSMEs in the midst of society is also depressed by the occurrence of disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reflecting on the Yogyakarta earthquake disaster in 2006, which showed that at the time of the disaster, around 650,000 people lost their jobs, and 90% of them worked in SMEs. Workers and SME owners suffered damage to workplaces and assets, loss of raw materials, and cessation of production and had an impact on long-term worker losses. For some time after the disaster, the SME sector had obstacles in continuing its business, so that the business process did not run. As a result, six years later it was discovered that there were around 20,000 small and medium enterprises that had left bad debts that had to be written off at Bank Indonesia with a total value of more than four million pounds. Furthermore, the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010, especially for the Magelang district area, had a fairly severe impact on micro, small and medium enterprises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As written by\u00a0<em>voaindonesia.com<\/em>, damage to salak plants in Magelang Regency reached 80% of all salak plants, where the most was in the Srumbung District. Meanwhile,\u00a0<em>litbang.pertanian.go.id\/buku\/Erupsi-Gunung-Merapi\/Bab-I\/1.8.pdf<\/em>, wrote that according to information from the Magelang Regency Agriculture Service, of the 2,800 ha of existing salak plants, an estimated 1,974 ha were damaged, while 1,969 ha could still be rehabilitated by pruning, so that the selection could be faster. Due to the damage to salak plants due to the Merapi eruption, the loss of salak farming businesses was IDR 585 million\/ha, so that the loss reached IDR 1.15 T.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00374-500x333-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00374-500x333-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00374-500x333-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00374-500x333-1-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, the total loss due to the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010 reached 2.866 trillion rupiah. Of the five sectors, it turned out that the greatest loss was in the economic sector, which included losses for MSMEs. Specifically, the direct loss from the MSME side was Rp 3.42 billion and the indirect loss reached Rp 8 billion. Meanwhile, the market closure due to the eruption of Merapi reached Rp 239.33 billion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result of the cessation of production due to the incident, business actors have to run out of savings or business capital, some of them even have to sell assets they own or seek loans to meet their family's needs while they are not yet able to produce. The activities carried out before their main business can produce cannot fully meet their daily needs. With such conditions, they have difficulty in being able to start production again, besides their business capital has run out, they also have loan obligations that they must pay. However, the longer they stop their business, the more money is needed to finance their daily lives, the more assets they have to sell to meet their family's needs, the more loans they have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By seeing the magnitude of the impact of disasters on the sustainability of micro, small and medium enterprises, efforts have been made to build the resilience of MSMEs in Magelang Regency. During a period of 5 months, starting from February 2015 to June 2015, documents for the Individual Business Continuity Plan (RKU) and the Regional Business Continuity Plan (RKUK) for the production of Salak and Slondok have been prepared. In addition, a network has also been built between parties, both from MSME actors themselves, local governments and the private sector who then built a commitment to work together to build the resilience and sustainability of MSMEs according to their respective capacities. Then in the replication program to build the resilience of MSMEs against the threat of disasters, a business continuity plan has also been prepared for the village transportation crew on the Muntilan - Talun and Tlatar routes as well as a business continuity plan for Talun market lesehan traders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00383-500x333-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00383-500x333-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00383-500x333-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DSC00383-500x333-1-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, Article 28 states that business institutions have the opportunity to organize disaster management, either individually or together with other parties. Then in Article 29 it is stated that business institutions adjust their activities to disaster management policies, are obliged to submit reports to the government and\/or agencies tasked with disaster management and inform the public transparently and are obliged to respect the principles of humanity in carrying out their economic functions in disaster management. In relation to the role of business institutions in disaster management, a network has been built between small businesses and other parties to jointly build the resilience of micro, small and medium businesses against the threat of disaster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In building the resilience of MSMEs against the threat of disasters, of course, it cannot be separated from the government's responsibility. By investing, namely by making efforts to reduce the risk of disasters for MSMEs, there will be little cost that will be incurred during the emergency response period or the need for recovery if a disaster occurs. For this reason, a commitment is needed from policy makers, both executive and legislative, to create policies that support the resilience of MSMEs. This policy is highly expected to be the basis for answering the problems that have so far been felt by MSME actors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The full version of this public dialogue material can be downloaded at the link below;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BwHr8XOOUlcEZ3RvVUZSeHB3UVU\/view?usp=sharing\">https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BwHr8XOOUlcEZ3RvVUZSeHB3UVU\/view?usp=sharing<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indonesia diibaratkan supermarketnya bencana, karena semua jenis ancaman bencana berpotensi terjadi di negara ini dan sebagian besar wilayahnya mempunyai potensi ancaman bencana. Begitu juga dengan wilayah Kabupaten Magelang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, tidak lepas dari berbagai ancaman bencana dengan berbagai variasi tingkat ancamannya. Ancaman letusan Gunung Merapi yang kemudian diikuti dengan ancaman sekunder yang berupa banjir lahar dingin atau lahar hujan menjadi salah satu ancaman yang paling tinggi di wilayah Kabupaten Magelang dibanding dengan potensi ancaman bencana lainnya. Setiap kejadian bencana dimanapun akan berdampak pada kerusakan dan kerugian sesuai dengan tingkat ancaman bencananya dan juga kerentanan serta kapasitas yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat maupun pemerintah. Begitu juga dengan keberadaan UMKM ditengah-tengah masyarakat ikut terpuruk dengan adanya kejadian bencana. Berkaca pada kejadian bencana gempa bumi Yogyakarta pada tahun 2006, yang menunjukkan bahwa pada saat terjadinya bencana, Sekitar 650.000 orang kehilangan pekerjaan, dan 90%-nya bekerja di UKM. Pekerja dan pemilik UKM menderita kerusakan tempat kerja dan aset, kehilangan bahan baku, dan berhentinya produksi dan berdampak pada kehilangan pekerja dalam waktu panjang Selama beberapa waktu setelah bencana tersebut, sector UMKM tersebut memiliki hambatan dalam melanjutkan usahanya, sehingga business proses tidak berjalan.&nbsp; Akibatnya, enam tahun kemudian diketahui bahwa ada sekitar 20.000 usaha kecil dan menengah yang meninggalkan kredit macet yang harus dihapuskan di Bank Indonesia dengan total senilai empat juta poundsterling lebih. Selanjutnya pada kejadian erupsi Gunung Merapi pada tahun 2010, khususnya untuk wilayah kabupaten Magelang mengalami dampak yang cukup parah terhadap usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah. Seperti ditulis\u00a0voaindonesia.commenyampaikan bahwa kerusakan tanaman salak di Kabupaten Magelang mencapai 80% dari keseluruhan tanaman salak, dimana yang paling banyak diwilayah Kecamatan Srumbung. Sedangkan\u00a0litbang.pertanian.go.id\/buku\/Erupsi-Gunung-Merapi\/Bab-I\/1.8.pdf, menuliskan bahwa menurut informasi dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Magelang, dari 2.800 ha tanaman salak yang ada, diperkirakan 1.974 ha mengalami kerusakan, sedangkan\u00a0 1.969 ha masih dapat direhabilitasi dengan cara pemangkasan, sehingga pemilihannya bisa lebih cepat. Atas kerusakan tanaman salak akibat erupsi Merapi tersebut, kerugian usaha tani tanaman salak Rp 585 juta\/ha, sehingga kerugiannya mencapai Rp 1,15 T. Sedangkan jumlah kerugian akibat erupsi Gunung Merapi tahun 2010 secara keseluruhan mencapai 2,866 triliun rupiah. Dari kelima sector, ternyata kerugian yang paling besar adalah pada sector ekonomi yang didalamnya termasuk kerugian pada pelaku UMKM. Secara khusus kerugian dari sisi UMKM secara langsung sebesar Rp 3,42 miliyar dan kerugian tidak langsung mencapai Rp 8 miliar. Sedangkan akibat tutupnya pasar akibat erupsi Merapi mencapai Rp 239,33 miliar. Akibat dari berhentinya produksi akibat kejadian, pelaku usaha harus kehabisan uang simpanan maupun modal usaha, bahkan sebagian dari mereka harus menjual aset yang dimiliki maupun mencari pinjaman untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya selama mereka belum bisa berproduksi. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan sebelum usaha pokok mereka bisa berproduksi tidak bisa sepenuhnya bisa memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari.&nbsp; Dengan kondisi yang demikian untuk bisa memulai produksi kembali mereka mendapatkan kesulitan, selain modal usaha mereka sudah habis, mereka juga mempunyai tanggungan pinjaman yang harus mereka bayar. Bagaimanapun semakin lama mereka berhenti dari usahanya, maka semakin semakin banyak uang yang diperlukan untuk membiayai kehidupan sehari-hari, semakin banyak pula asset yang harus mereka jual untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan keluarga, semakin banyak pula pinjaman mereka. Dengan melihat besarnya dampak kejadian bencana terhadap keberlanjutan usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah inilah kemudian telah dilakukan upaya-upaya membangun ketangguhan UMKM di Kabupaten Magelang. Selama kurun waktu 5 bulan, mulai bulan Februari 2015 sampai dengan Juni 2015, telah tersusun dokumen rencana keberlanjutan usaha (RKU) Individu maupun rencana keberlanjutan usaha kawasan (RKUK) untuk produksi Salak dan Slondok. Selain itu juga telah terbangun jaringan antar pihak, baik dari pelaku UMKM sendiri, pemerintah daerah maupun pihak swasta yang kemudian membangun komitmen untuk bersama-sama berupaya membangun ketangguhan dan keberlanjutan UMKM sesuai dengan kapasitas masing-masing. Kemudian pada program replikasi untuk membangun ketangguhan UMKM terhadap ancaman bencana, maka juga telah tersusun rencana keberlanjutan usaha untuk kru angkutan desa jurusan Muntilan \u2013 Talun dan Tlatar serta rencana keberlanjutan usaha untuk pedagang lesehan pasar Talun. Dalam Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana pasal 28 dituliskan bahwa lembaga usaha mendapatkan kesempatan dalam penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana, baik secara tersendiri maupun secara bersama dengan pihak lain. Kemudian pada pasal 29 disebutkan bahwa lembaga usaha menyesuaikan kegiatannya dengan kebijakan penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana, berkewajiban menyampaikan laporan keapda pemerintah dan\/atau badan yang diberi tugas melakukan penanggulangan bencana serta menginformasikannya kepada publik secara transparan serta berkewajiban mengindahkan prinsip kemanusiaan dalam melaksananakan fungsi ekonominya dalam&nbsp; penanggulangan bencana. Terkait dengan peran lembaga usaha dalam penanggulangan bencana itulah kemudian telah dibangun jaringan antara usaha kecil dengan pihak-pihak lain untuk bersama-sama membangun ketangguhan usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah terhadap ancaman bencana. Dalam membangun ketangguhan UMKM terhadap ancaman bencana tentu saja tidak bisa lepas dari tanggungjawab pemerintah. Dengan melakukan investasi, yaitu dengan melakukan upaya-upaya pengurangan risiko bencana terhadap UMKM, maka nantinya akan sedikit biaya yang akan dikeluarkan dalam masa tanggap darurat maupun kebutuhan untuk pemulihan apabila terjadi bencana. Untuk itulah diperlukan komitmen dari pemangkau kebijakan baik eksekutif maupun legislatif untuk memunculkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang mendukung ketangguhan UMKM. Kebijakan tersebut sangat diharapkan agar bisa menjadi dasar untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan yang selama ini masih dirasakan oleh pelaku UMKM. Versi lengkap materi dialog publik ini bisa diunduh di tautan di bawah ini; https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BwHr8XOOUlcEZ3RvVUZSeHB3UVU\/view?usp=sharing<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1438,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1439,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435\/revisions\/1439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}