{"id":2736,"date":"2024-12-06T04:47:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T04:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/?p=2736"},"modified":"2024-12-06T06:01:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T06:01:12","slug":"kebijakan-anggaran-pengelolaan-sampah-di-kota-yogyakarta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/2024\/12\/06\/kebijakan-anggaran-pengelolaan-sampah-di-kota-yogyakarta\/","title":{"rendered":"Waste Management Budget Policy in Yogyakarta City"},"content":{"rendered":"

Waste management in the city of Yogyakarta is still a crucial issue from year to year. The high daily waste production from household waste and waste from tourism residues also exacerbates the piles of waste that appear in various parts of the city. Referring to the average daily waste volume released by the DIY Regional Government Public Relations, by 2023, DIY produces around 1232 tons per day. Meanwhile, the city of Yogyakarta, according to the City Government, contributes around 200 tons of waste per day.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daily waste production graph in DIY Province 2019-2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: DIY Regional Government Public Relations, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protests from residents continue to emerge, most recently during 2023 to 2024, protests re-emerged with the slogan #JogjaDaruratSampah. The protest was the result of the closure of the Piyungan TPA as a final disposal site. As a result, the waste in the city of Yogyakarta was not transported and left piles and a pungent odor. This situation could not be anticipated, considering that waste management in the city of Yogyakarta, both from producers (the community, tourism industry) and from TPST managers, has not been sorted based on the type of waste. Thus, the effort that is often made is destruction using an Incinerator machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waste Management Budget Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mandate for waste management in the City of Yogyakarta is given to the Environmental Agency (DLH). IDEA conducted an analysis of the 2024 DLH Budget Implementation Document (DPA). Based on the analysis results, the total expenditure for the Yogyakarta City DLH amounted to IDR 38,392,581,056, or only 1.9% of the total expenditure of the Yogyakarta city government. Of this budget, the DLH allocated a budget of IDR 30,750,390,626.00 for the Waste Management Program, which is 80.1% of the total budget of the Environmental Agency. This shows that the waste management program absorbs most of the DLH budget. Meanwhile, the remaining 20% \u200b\u200bof the total DLHK spending is allocated for 1) Regional Government Affairs Support Program: Rp358,070,995.00 (0.9%), 2) Environmental Education and Training Improvement Program: Rp2,556,256,400.00 (6.7%), 3) Pollution Control Program: Rp216,943,100.00 (0.6%), and 4) Biodiversity Management Program: Rp4,097,989,935.00 (10.7%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back to 80% of the budget for waste management. If we look deeper, the program has several sub-activities, including 1) Increasing community participation in waste management, 2) Handling waste through waste sorting and processing at waste processing installations TPS3R, PDU, TPST, TPS, SPA, PSEL\/PLTSa, RDF, composting centers, biodigesters, waste banks, 3) Implementation of monitoring and supervision at the district\/city level, and 4) waste recycling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waste management budget allocation table based on sub-activities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unit of Analysis<\/strong><\/td>Allocation (Rp)<\/td>Allocation (%)<\/td><\/tr>
Total expenditure on waste management programs\/activities in the city of Yogyakarta<\/strong><\/td>30.750.390.626<\/td>80% of the total DLHK expenditure<\/td><\/tr>
Sub-activity<\/strong> Increasing Community Participation in Waste Management<\/td>1.318.930.000<\/td>4.29% of total program\/waste management spending<\/td><\/tr>
Sub-activity <\/strong>Waste management through waste sorting and processing at waste processing installations TPS3R, PDU, TPST, TPS, SPA, PSEL\/PLTSa, RDF, composting centers, biodigesters, Waste Banks and other facilities in accordance with laws and regulations.<\/td>29.371.203.376<\/td>95.51% of total program\/waste management spending<\/td><\/tr>
Sub-activity<\/strong> of Monitoring and Supervision Implementation<\/strong>Managing technical supervision of waste management at the district\/city level.<\/td>46.666.500<\/td>0.15% of total program\/waste management spending<\/td><\/tr>
Waste Recycling Sub-activity<\/strong>: Managing waste for recycling purposes.<\/td>13.590.750<\/td>0.04% of total program\/waste management spending<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: DPA, DLHK Yogyakarta City Government, 2024 (processed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The above data shows that most of the budget (95.51%) is allocated for waste management facilities at temporary landfills. Meanwhile, the budget for community participation and monitoring is quite small (4.29% and 0.15%), indicating a lack of emphasis on public awareness and monitoring measures. The budget for recycling received <\/strong>the smallest allocation with a percentage of 0.04%. From this, it can be seen that investment in utilizing waste as a circular chain and has economic value is still low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So what is done in TPS3R, PDU, TPST, TPS, SPA, PSEL\/PLTSa, composting center, biodigester, waste bank, or RDF conversion that sucks up a large budget. If seen from the composition of spending, it can be seen in the following table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table of waste management expenses at temporary disposal sites based on type of expenses.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shopping Composition<\/td>Allocation (Rp)<\/td>Allocation (%)<\/td><\/tr>
Operational Shopping<\/td>7.516.373.376<\/td>26 %<\/td><\/tr>
Capital Expenditure<\/td>21.854.830.000<\/td>74 %<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: DPA, DLHK Yogyakarta City Government, 2024 (processed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The composition above shows that the largest allocation of spending for waste management is capital expenditure. If viewed from the DLH DPA document, the capital expenditure in question is spending on Equipment and Machinery such as Press Machines, Heavy Equipment for Transporting Waste (forklifts), Incinerators, Generators, RDF Waste Processing Equipment, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, the composition for capital expenditure, most of it is allocated for payment of office service expenditure including consultant personnel, processing and security services at TPS, technician services and purchase of BBM Mob-Demmob Heavy Equipment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Root of the Problem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

From many studies and expert opinions, the root of the problem of poor waste management in the city of Yogyakarta actually comes from upstream, namely efforts to sort waste types. Waste disposed of by waste producers, more than 70% is still unsorted waste. On the other hand, the concentration of budget policies has not yet been directed at the root of this problem. This can be seen from the low allocation for recycling which only gets a portion of 0.04%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In terms of regulation, waste management is actually quite adequate, even in Indonesia waste management is regulated directly through Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management. In the city of Yogyakarta, waste management regulations have also been regulated through Yogyakarta City Regulation Number 1 of 2022. Both Law 18 of 2008 and Regulation 1 of 2022 have regulated the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) approach, including incentives and disincentives for waste producers. However, as usual, the implementation and enforcement of these regulations are still very low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recommendation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In order for the waste problem not to become a chronic problem, including changing the waste management approach to economic value, the Yogyakarta City government needs to take progressive steps and targeted budget policies. This is in line with the mandate of Law 18 of 2008, that the government and regional governments are tasked with ensuring the implementation of good and environmentally friendly waste management. Some efforts that can be made include,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Enforcing regulations such as implementing 3R from upstream, including strict sanctions for those who violate sorting provisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Increasing or providing more focus on regional budget policies on waste management with a recycling approach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Facilitating the need for waste sorting and utilization at the upstream level by involving the community with strict supervision.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    By: Ahmad Hedar<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Yogyakarta masih menjadi persoalan krusial dari tahun ke tahun. Tingginya produksi sampah harian yang berasal dari sampah rumah tangga maupun sampah dari residu pariwisata turut memperparah tumpukan sampah yang muncul di titik-titik kota. Jika mengacu ke rata-rata volume sampah harian yang dirilis oleh Humas Pemda DIY, per tahun 2023, DIY memproduksi sekitar 1232 ton per hari. Sementara kota Yogyakarta, menurut Pemerintah Kota, menyumbang sekitar 200 ton sampah per hari. Grafik produksi sampah harian di Provinsi DIY tahun 2019-2023 Sumber: Humas Pemda DIY, 2023. Aksi protes warga terus bermunculan, terakhir selama tahun 2023 hingga 2024 kembali muncul protes dengan mengusung #JogjaDaruratSampah. Protes tersebut imbas dari ditutupnya TPA Piyungan sebagai tempat pembungan akhir. Dampaknya, sampah-sampah yang ada di kota Yogyakarta tidak terangkut dan menyisakan tumpukan sekaligus bau yang menyengat. Situasi tersebut tidak dapat diantisipasi, mengingat pengelolaan sampah di Kota Yogyakarta, baik dari produsen (masyarakat, industri pariwisata) maupun dari pengelola TPST, belum dipilah berdasarkan jenis sampah. Sehingga, upaya yang seringkali dilakukan ialah pemusnahan melalui mesin Insinyerator. Kebijakan Anggaran Pegelolaan Persampahan Mandat pengelolaan sampah di Kota Yogyakarta diberikan kepada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH). IDEA melalukan analisisi terhadap dokumen Dokumen Pelaksanaan Anggaran (DPA) DLH tahun 2024. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, total belanja untuk DLH Kota Yogyakarta berjumlah Rp. 38.392.581.056, atau hanya 1,9% dari total belanja pemerintah kota Yogyakarta. Dari anggaran tersebut, DLH mengalokasikan anggaran Rp30.750.390.626,00 untuk Program Pengelolaan Persampahan, yang merupakan 80,1% dari total anggaran Belanja Dinas Lingkungan Hidup. Ini menunjukkan bahwa program pengelolaan persampahan menyerap sebagian besar anggaran DLH. Sementara, 20% tersisa dari total belanja DLHK dialokasikan untuk 1) Program Penunjang Urusan Pemerintahan Daerah: Rp358.070.995,00 (0,9%), 2) Program Peningkatan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Lingkungan: Rp2.556.256.400,00 (6,7%), 3) Program Pengendalian Pencemaran: Rp216.943.100,00 (0,6%), dan 4) Program Pengelolaan Keanekaragaman Hayati: Rp4.097.989.935,00 (10,7%). Kembali ke 80% anggaran untuk pengelolaan sampah. Jika dilihat lebih dalam, program tersebut memiliki beberapa subkegiatan, antara lain 1) Peningkatan peran serta masyarakat dalam pengelolaan persampahan, 2) Penanganan sampah melalui pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah di instalasi pengolahan sampah TPS3R, PDU, TPST, TPS, SPA, PSEL\/PLTSa, RDF, pusat pengomposan, biodigester, bank sampah, 3) Pelaksanaan pemantauan dan pengawasan di tingkat kabupaten\/kota, serta 4) pendauran ulang sampah. Tabel alokasi anggaran pengelolaan sampah berdasarkan subkegiatan Unit Analisis Alokasi (Rp) Alokasi  (%) Total belanja program\/kegiatan pengelolaan sampah kota Yogyakarta 30.750.390.626 80% dari seluruh total belanja DLHK Subkegiatan Peningkatan Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Persampahan 1.318.930.000 4,29% dari total belanja program\/pengelolaan persampahan Subkegiatan Penanganan sampah melalui pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah di instalasi pengolahan sampah TPS3R, PDU, TPST, TPS, SPA, PSEL\/PLTSa, RDF, pusat pengomposan, biodigester, Bank Sampah dan fasilitas lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan 29.371.203.376 95,51% dari total belanja program\/pengelolaan persampahan Subkegiatan Pelaksanaan Pemantauan dan Pengawasan: Mengelola pengawasan teknis terhadap pengelolaan sampah di tingkat kabupaten\/kota. 46.666.500 0,15% dari total belanja program\/pengelolaan persampahan Subkegiatan Pendauran Ulang Sampah: Mengelola sampah untuk keperluan daur ulang. 13.590.750 0,04% dari total belanja program\/pengelolaan persampahan Sumber: DPA, DLHK Pemkot Yogyakarta, 2024 (diolah) Data di atas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anggaran (95,51%) dialokasikan untuk fasilitas pengelolaan sampah di tempat pembuangan sementara. Sementara anggaran untuk peran serta masyarakat dan pemantauan cukup kecil (4,29% dan 0,15%), yang mengindikasikan kurangnya penekanan pada kesadaran publik dan langkah-langkah pengawasan. Anggaran untuk daur ulang mendapat alokasi paling kecil dengan persentase 0,04%. Dari sini terlihat, bahwa investasi untuk pemanfaatan sampah sebagai rantai sirkuler dan bernilai ekonomis  masih rendah. Lantas apa yang dilakukan di TPS3R, PDU, TPST, TPS, SPA, PSEL\/PLTSa, pusat pengomposan, biodigester, bank sampah, atau konversi RDF sehingga menyedot anggaran yang cukup besar. Jika dilihat dari komposisi belanja, dapat terlihat pada table berikut. Tabel belanja pengelolaan sampah di tempat pembuangan sementara berdasarkan jenis belanja. Komposisi Belanja Alokasi (Rp) Alokasi (%) Belanja Operasi 7.516.373.376 26 % Belanja Modal 21.854.830.000 74 % Sumber: DPA, DLHK Pemkot Yogyakarta, 2024 (diolah) Komposisi di atas menunjukkan bahwa alokasi terbesar dari belanja untuk pengelolaan sampah ialah belanja modal. Jika dilihat dari dokumen DPA DLH, belanja modal yang dimaksud ialah belanja untuk Peralatan dan Mesin seperti Mesin Press, Alat berat pengangkut sampah (forklift), Incenerator, Genset, Alat Pengolah Sampah RDF, dsb. Sementara komposisi untuk belanja modal, Sebagian besar dialokasikan untuk pembayaran belanja jasa kantor meliputi tenaga konsultan, jasa pengolah dan keamanan di TPS, jasa teknisi dan pembelian BBM Mob-Demmob Alat Berat.  Akar Persoalan Dari banyak kajian dan pendapat ahli, akar masalah dari buruknya tata kelola sampah di Kota Yogyakarta sebenarnya berasal dari hulu, yaitu upaya pemilahan jenis sampah. Sampah yang dibuang dari produsen sampah, 70% lebih masih berupa sampah tak terpilah. Di sisi lain, konsentrasi kebijakan anggaran juga belum mengarah pada akar persoalan ini. Terlihat dari rendahnya alokasi untuk daur ulang yang hanya mendapat porsi 0,04%.  Dari sisi regulasi, pengelolaan sampah sebenarnya sudah cukup memadai, bahkan di Indonesia pengelolaan sampah diatur langsung melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Di Kota Yogyakarta, regulasi pengelolaan sampah juga sudah diatur melalui Perda Kota Yogyakarta Nomor 1 Tahun 2022. Baik di UU 18 tahun 2008 maupun Perda 1 tahun 2022, sudah mengatur tentang pendekatan reduce, reuse, recycle (3R), termasuk insentif dan disentif bagi produsen sampah. Namun, seperti biasa, implementasi dan penegakan regulasi tersebut masih sangat rendah. Rekomendasi Agar persoalan sampah tidak menjadi masalah menahun, termasuk mengubah pendekatan pengelolaan sampah menjadi nilai ekonomis, pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta perlu melakukan langkah-langkah progresif dan kebijakan anggaran yang terarah. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan mandat UU 18 tahun 2008, bahwa pemerintah Pemerintah dan pemerintahan daerah bertugas menjamin terselenggaranya pengelolaan sampah yang baik dan berwawasan lingkungan. Beberapa upaya yang bisa dilakukan antara lain, Oleh: Ahmad Hedar<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2736"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2745,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions\/2745"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perkumpulanidea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}